Dreamscanbefamiliarandstrange,fantasticalorboring,butsomedreamsmightbeconnectedtothementalprocessesthathelpuslearn.Inarecentstudy,scientistsfoundaconnectionbetweennap-timedreamsandbettermemoryinpeoplewhowerelearninganewskill. Inthestudy,99collegestudentsbetweentheagesof18and30eachspentanhouronacompute,tryingtogetthroughavirtualmaze(迷宫).Themazewasdifferentplaceeachtimetheytired—makingitevenmoredifficult.Theywerealsotoldtofindaparticularpictureofatreeandrememberwhereitwas. Forthefirst90minutesofafive-hourbreak,halfoftheparticipantsstayedawakeandanhalfweretoldtotakeashortnap.Participantswhostayedawakewereaskedtodescribetheirthoughts.Participantswhotookanapwereaskedabouttheirdreamsbeforesleepandaftersleep—andtheywereawakenedwithinaminuteofsleeptodescribetheirdreams. Stickgold,aneuroscientist(神经科学家),wantedtoknowwhatpeopleweredreamingaboutwhentheireyesweren'tmovingduringsleep. Fourofthe50peoplewhosleptsaidtheirdreamswereconnectedtothemaze.Somedreamedaboutthemusicthathadbeenplayingwhentheywereworking;otherssaidtheydreamedaboutseeingpeopleinthemaze.Whenthesefourpeopletriedthecomputermazeagain,theywereabletofindthetreefasterthanbeforetheirnaps. Stickgoldsuggeststhedreamitselfdoesn‘t helpapersonlearn—it'stheotherwayaround.Hesuspectsthatthedreamwascausedbythebrainprocessesassociatedwithlearning. Allfourofthepeoplewhodreamedaboutthetaskhaddonepoorlythefirsttime,whichmakesStickgoldwonderifthedreamsshowupwhenapersonfindsanewtaskparticularlydifficult.Peoplewhohadotherdreams,orpeoplewhodidn'ttakeanap,didn'tshowthesameimprovement. 小题1:Beforehavingashortnap,participantsoftheexperimentwereaskedto . |
A.stayinadifferentplaceinthemaze |
B.designavirtualmazewhichisdifficulttogetthrough |
C.experiencetheexperimentandtrytoremembersomething |
D.getthroughavirtualmazeonacomputerfromthesameplace |
小题2:Whatcanwelearnfromthete