英语翻译
(1)Consumersmayoftenbeaskedtosigncontractsthatcontainamyriadoffine-printprovisions,manyofwhicharequiteharsh.Forexample,aprice-adjustmentclausemayincreasethepriceofacaroverthecontractpricebeforedelivery,orawaiverclausemaysurrendertheconsumer'srightstoresisttheenteringofalegaljudgmentagainsthimupondefaultofaninstallmentpayment.Mostconsumerssigningsuchcontractsareunawareoftheexistenceofthelegaleffectofsuchclauses.Somecourtshaverefusedtoenforcethemonthetheorythattheywerenotreallycommunicatedtotheconsumer.
(2)Typicaloftheapplicationofthedoctrineofpromissoryestoppelinlimitingtherighttorevokeanofferisthesituationthatarisesbetweenageneralbuildingcontractorandvarioussubcontractors.Thegeneralcontractorrequestsbids(offers)frompotentialsubcontractorswhowoulddoheating,plumbing,electrical,andcarpentryworkonabuildingowner.Thegeneralcontractorreliesonsomeofthesebidsinmakingitsownbidtothebuildingowner.Thenthegeneralcontractorfindsthatthebuildingownerhasaccepteditsoffertodotherequiredwork.Beforethegeneralcontractor`sbid(offer)isaccepted,itisrevokedbythesubcontractor.Thefollowingcaseexemplifiestheresolutionofsuchaproblemandthecourt`slimitationoftherighttorevokeanoffer.
(3)Iftheofferdoesnotrequiretheoffereetouseaspecificmeansofcommunication,problemscanariseconcerningthetimeatwhichanacceptancebyanoffereewouldbeeffective.Whilethetimeofacceptanceisnotcriticaltomostcontracts,wheretheofferorhasattemptedarevocationorwheretheintendedacceptanceisdelayedorlost,ananalysisofthemethodortimeofacceptanceisnecessary.
(4)However,therulethatcourtswillrefrainforminquiringintotheadequacyofconsiderationassumesthatthepartieshavefreelyenteredintotheiragreement.Wherethisassumptionisquestioned,thecourtswilltakeintoaccounttheadequacyoftheconsideration,duress,undueinfluence,ormistake,acourtwillexaminetheadequacyoftheconsiderationasevidenceoftheexistenceofthosefactors.
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