Theareaofchildpsychologyisoneofthemostsignificantandwellstudiedofallthebranchesofpsychology.Itaimstohelpwithachievingagreaterunderstandingofthebehaviorofchildrenthroughanunderstandingoftheirminds.Itdealswithchildrenwhorangefromtheprenatal(出生前的)stagerightuptothestageofadolescence.
ThepsychologistJeanPiaget(1896-1980)hasbeencreditedwithmakingamajorbreakthroughinthisareawhenheputforwardhisideathatchildrenwerenotactuallylessintelligentthanadultsrathertheyjustthoughtinadifferentway.Preciouslythedevelopmentofchildrenrightfrombirththroughtoadulthoodwasanareathatwasalmostcompletelyneglected.Infactverylittleworkwasdoneinthisarea.Howeverinterestinthisfieldhasnowdevelopedtothepointofbeingoneofthemostdebatedofalltheareasofpsychology.
Despitepopularbeliefthatfactorssuchasgeneticsorpersonalcharacteristicsaretheonlydeterminingfactorsthatinfluenceayouth’sbehaviorthisisnotinfactthecase.Inrealitydevelopmentactuallyincludesmanymorefactorsthanthosecontainedwithinanindividual.Factorssuchasenvironmentwhichcanincludesocialrelationshipsandthesurroundingculturealsoplayimportantroles.Relationshipswithbothpeersandadultswillnodoubtaffecthowchildrenthinkandlearnandthereforedevelop.Theserelationshipscanincludethosethatarefoundnotonlywithinfamiliesbutalsoinschoolsandpeergroups.
Culturallyspeakingthisfactorwillcontributegreatlytohowchildrendeveloptheirpersonalityconcerningthevaluestheyendupholding(perhapsforalifetime)aswellashowtheyviewsuchthingsastraditionsandcustoms.
Nowadayspsychologistshaveagreedthatachild’spsychologyisbothuniqueandhighlycomplex.Howevertherearedebatesonmanydifferentpointsinthisfieldandmanyviewpointsexist.
【小题1】Theword“neglected”underlinedinParagraph2canbereplacedby“______”.
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