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【Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld’sgreatsuccessesatreducingpopulationgrowthbutmorebyaccidentthandesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetterresultwithoutr】
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更新时间:2024-04-24 01:50:37
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Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld’sgreatsuccessesatreducingpopulationgrowthbutmorebyaccidentthandesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetterresultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineatHarvard.
Brazil’spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951and1960to1.93%ayearbetween1981to1990,andBrazilianwomennowhaveonly2.7childrenonaverage.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallenstillfurthersince1990,anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries.
Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperasandinstallmentplansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedanimportant,althoughindirect,roleinloweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneoftheworld’sbiggestproducersofsoapoperas.Globo,Brazil’smostpopulartelevisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweek,whilethreeothersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthycharacterslivingthehighlifeinbigcities.
“Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamessagetowardstheproblemsofreproduction,theydescribemiddleandupperclassvalues----notmanychildren,differentattitudestowardssex,womenworking,”saysMartine.“Theysentthisimagetoallpartsofbrazilandmadepeopleconsciousofbehaviorandothervalues,whichwereputintoaveryattractivepackage.”
Meanwhile,theinstallmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecomeconsumers.“Thisledtoanenormouschangeinconsumptionpatternsandconsumptionwasincompatiblewithunlimitedreproduction.”saysMartine.
小题1:Accordingtothepassage,thetwofactorsthatleadtothesuccessofpopulationcontrolinBrazilare_______________________________________.
小题2:Theunderlinedphrase“putdownto”inparagraph3hastheclosestmeaningto_________________________________.
小题3:WhatmadeBraziltheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries?
_________________________________________________________________
小题4:Whydidtheauthorsaythatsoapoperashelpedinloweringthebirthrate?
_________________________________________________________________

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  小题1:Soapoperasandinstallmentplans.小题2:attributeto小题3:Theachievementofpopulationgrowthratedroppingconstinuously.小题4:Becausesoapoperashavegraduallychangedpeople’swayofli...
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